Whether it’s for a school assignment or for a novel manuscript, everybody writes. For many people, however, writing often becomes a chore: time-consuming, demanding, and unsatisfactory. The problem is that most people don’t stop to think how to write. Just as there are steps to solving an algebraic equation, there are several steps that can be followed to produce a more satisfactory essay or story, some more obvious than others.

Perhaps the most tricky part of writing is figuring out how to begin. The first steps to writing - getting a concept, planning out a piece, and working out a draft - aren’t usually the most fun steps, but they are all often overlooked. Here are a few tips for starting your work quickly and without much hassle.

First, decide what you actually want to write. Getting down the bare minimums for your piece will help you construct a bare draft for whatever it is you’re planning to end with. Either jot it off on a sticky note and put it next to your notebook, or write it on the top of your Word document.

How long is whatever you’re trying to write? What are you writing about? Are there any other requirements you have to worry about? While you might know exactly what you need before you start to write, putting it down is a good way to focus your mind on exactly what you need to accomplish.

Make sure you’re interested in what you’re writing. If you aren’t fascinated with the subject you’re writing about, it will almost certainly show in your writing. If you don’t have a choice as to what to write about, try to find some element in your subject that interests you, and focus on it. If you’re just writing to finish whatever it is you’re supposed to write, getting yourself to write it will take much longer than if you take just a little time to get yourself interested.

Outline the basics of what you’re trying to get done. The most monotonous example of this, of course, is the five-paragraph essay most high schoolers are forced to learn about. While an overly-forced rubric can lead to an unoriginal paper, some structure can only help with your quickly jotting out a draft, which is the most important part of writing. If you have five pages to fill on a paper, decide how long you will write about each different point you have to make.

Outlining also helps with creative writing: even though creativity can’t be forced, it helps immensely to have a general idea of what’s going on in your story. Just look at Harry Potter, which concluded last month: the final book had strong ties with the six before it, even though it was written a full decade after the original book. Without some sense of direction, J. K. Rowling would never have been able to create such a powerful conclusion.

Stop everything else and concentrate on writing. The draft of any piece is almost always the hardest thing to write, since you have nothing to base your writing on. While you’re writing your draft, try to concentrate on it as much as possible. Turn off your instant messenger, if you have one on. Don’t take a break to check your email. Any interruption might destroy your focus on your piece, and it is far harder to return to writing a draft than it is to write it all in one go.

If your piece is a long one, this might not be entirely possible. Still, try to set aside at least an hour at a time when you’re trying to write, so you can get into the flow of your writing.

Lower your standards. Writer’s block really originates from high standards: often, you will sit down to write but not like what you’re producing. The trick to eliminating this? Stop worrying so much over whether or not every little bit you write is a good as it can be. Either way, you are probably going to have to return to your draft several times an revise it: don’t attempt to revise every line as you write it.

If you have a section you think is of a particularly low quality, make a note of it, but keep writing. Revision is when you’ll go back and fix all the errors you’ve written. The draft is just your chance to write quickly and get the foundations of your piece over with.

Take your time before revising. You won’t be able to assess your piece immediately after you’ve written it: give yourself time before looking over your work. Read a book, talk to friends, perhaps exercise… just make sure that when you go back to read over your draft, you’re in a different mindset than you were when you were first writing. If you spend too much time looking at your work, you won’t be able to revise objectively. There’s no rush to finishing your work after you’ve begun: just take your time and you’ll be far more able to produce a quality piece of work.

什么是次级抵押信贷？
次级抵押信贷(subprime mortgage)源自美国房地产市场。美国金融业发达，发放房屋抵押贷款都要按借款人的信用好坏和钱包大小分个三六九等，于是就有了给信用好的借款者的优质抵押信贷(prime mortgage)，和给信用差的借款者的次级抵押信贷(subprime mortgage)，这中间，还夹了一种信贷(Alt-A mortgage)，给那些信用不好不坏的人。

次级抵押信贷怎样形成的？
次级抵押信贷的兴盛起码可以追溯到六年以前。2001年，美国在遭受“9·11”恐怖袭击之后，经济发生了一次小型放缓。美联储把联邦基金利率逐次调低到了1%，以刺激经济发展。联储这一招的正作用不小。2001年三季度，美国GDP只比上年同季度增长了0.2%；但在喝了这一剂猛药之后，2003年三季度的GDP增长猛冲到了9.7%，达到了1990年以来的最高速度。

风险是怎样形成的？
然而，降息这一药方的副作用也不容忽视，一度如火如荼、现今深陷困境的次级抵押信贷，就是其中之一。
低利率为次级抵押信贷的兴盛提供了绝好的温床。任何货物都有价格，利率则是钱的价格。价格低了，钱当然就越来越多，用投资者常用的行话，就是市场流动性(liquidity)增加。按揭提供商们于是蠢蠢欲动，努力想把手头上丰富的钱贷出去；而房屋购买者们，特别是那些以前没钱买房和因为信用记录差而贷不到款的人，也趁此良机纷纷决定买房。
按揭提供商想出了各种办法吸引囊中羞涩的美国人民，比如所谓的“2/28”。在2/28的按揭计划下，30年的贷款，借款者在头两年可以只还很少的利息，而在余下的28年利息，则通常要比优质抵押贷款利率还要高3%。对于买房者来说，先把房子买了，余下的事情两年后再说。两年中有很多事情会发生，比如工资忽然暴涨，比如在股市大赚一笔，再比如房子的价格大升，就可以用房子的增加值再去贷一笔钱，用以偿还原来的贷款。总之，美国的信贷市场异常发达，有几乎无限多的选择可供挑选。
这些办法让众多原本买不起房的家庭享受到了自有住房的好处，但也造成了市场环境一定程度的混乱。急于放贷的按揭提供商们互相恶性竞争，很多提供商为了抢客户，连借款者的信用证明材料都可以不闻不问。

怎样实现风险转移假象？
按揭提供商并不是不知道次级抵押信贷的风险，一旦借款者还不起钱，而房价又同时下跌，倒霉的只能是按揭提供商。但美国的信贷市场何等发达？分散风险的工具——债务抵押证券 (CDOs，Collateralized Debt Obligations)——也就随之而被大加追捧。按揭提供商可以利用债务抵押证券，把手头的贷款打包成各种证券卖给别人。根据风险和收入同等的原则，次级抵押信贷证券的回报也自然比通常的国债高很多。
2001年后，美国国债回报逐渐降低，股市也一度不景气，各大投资商、特别是惯于攫取丰厚利润和承担巨大风险的对冲基金投资商们，纷纷抢购次级抵押信贷证券。
投资商们大量购买债务抵押证券，按揭提供商保险箱中的钱就源源不断。越来越多的原来买不起房子的美国人住进了公寓甚或豪宅。次级抵押信贷又一次证明了，发达的衍生信用市场可以如何优化资金的流通，以利于全社会各色人等。
然而好景不长，这一原本看似可以无限增长的链条，马上就显现出断裂的危险。对于很多原本没有听说过次级抵押信贷的美国人，对它的了解便从听说次级抵押信贷危机开始了。

次债危机是怎样的一个影响过程呢？
1、持有次级债券的公司（主要为银行，保险，基金等金融公司），将受到较大的损失，直接影响今年的盈利预期，导致这些上市公司的股价下跌，拖累股指。
2、银行收紧贷款，买房人很难买到房子，需求受到了抑制。另一方面，被迫还债的债务人，不得不变卖房产，供应量骤然增加。导致的结果是，房价的下跌，这一结果将直接影响房地产业，美国GDP增长将相应下调0.5%（预测值），这也是导致股市下跌的一因。
3、由于美国是世界经济的引擎，美国经济的减缓，直接影响欧洲，亚洲，南美的经济增速。特别是亚洲经济的增长模式特点为出口加工，来自美国的订单减少，对亚洲各国影响重大。（这是亚洲股市随同美国股市下跌的原因之一）
4、如果信用危机不能有效的得到控制，有可能直接影响对优质债券、次优质债券的担心，一旦这些债券的评级被迫下调，将导致债券价格的暴跌，而许多的金融机构、国家、企业大量持有这些债券，损失将难以估量。信用危机将近一步扩大。不过鉴于各国央行近期的强势介入，这种可能性很小，但绝不是没有可能。

危机，还是只是恐慌？
市场的恐慌似乎与次级抵押信贷危机的实际程度没有太大关联。按照本年度次级抵押信贷贷款6000亿美元来计算，假设所有次级抵押信贷借款者都被迫在2007年把还款利息调升3%，本年度所需多偿还的贷款额将是180亿美元。而根据美国劳动部的数据，在过去的12个月中，非主管级工人的工资总计上涨了将近3000亿美元，与此相比，需要多偿还的按揭贷款总额只占了6%。
当然，总是会有人对这样的计算提出疑问，比如说，你甚至可以假设所有次级抵押信贷借款者都没有工作。不过在遇见充实的反证之前，让我们暂且保留以上的计算。
                                                                              以上资料摘自finance.sina.com.cn和zhidao.baidu.com

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上周项目组集体看电影《变形金刚》。看之前是无比的激动，因为在我的记忆中，最后威震天总是喊：“霸天虎们，跟我逃！”

看完电影也是无比的激动，因为最后红蜘蛛确实是逃掉了。逃掉好啊，可以拍续集。续集会是什么样的呢？大概就是红蜘蛛领了一批新的霸天虎回到地球，激活了被地球人放在海底的威震天，找擎天柱再打一架。

走出电影院，过马路时一辆公交冲过来，心里一惊：这车不会也能变形吧？

当大量的内容需要你记忆并且掌握的时候，画脑图不失为一种增强理解的方法。

相关文章：画出你的脑图

这幅图描述了接受变化的各个阶段。第一个阶段称之为现状阶段（灰色区域），这个阶段，每个人做事情都很得心应手。第二阶段从收到一些外来的触发或者变化机制等因素开始。这个阶段之所以可以称之为阻力和混沌（红色），归结原因可能是对变化带来不确定性的恐惧和对未来生活的影响。

在灰色和红色区域之间，工作业绩会下降并且波动会加剧。会有各种理由来解释这样的现象，比如，人们总是拒接改变现状，被变化干扰并且不知道该怎么办，或者仅仅因为引入新的工具和流程使得个人主导力下降。

这些描述了人们为什么很自然地拒绝变化，那是因为他们不想重新挑战自己。

一旦某个人对目前的工作方式得心应手（现状阶段），自然地会很难接受不同的事物（外来因素）。如果接受了，可能就意味着他会失去一些主导力，效力和效率。

这就是变化总是让人恐惧。但这也是成功的秘密。

拥抱变化。本能地选择不同的道路。采取开明的态度。不要把改变看成是对你的威胁，而要把它看成学习和成长的机会。

如果这种改变是合理的，深思熟虑的，意图明显的，你的能力最终会得到提高。在“撒提尔变化过程”模型中，这被划分为两个阶段。第一个阶段是融合和实践阶段（黄色区域），此阶段会让混沌平息下来。第二个阶段是新的现状阶段（绿色区域），这时你已经接受了变化，熟悉了新的流程并且有了收获。

本文节选编译自 Dave Cheong "Embrace change, your life depends on it"

时间错开了一切，但命运终究会让他们相遇。
当空间需要时间来拉近时，Just Wait。

真正的感情，不会因时间而变质。等待，或许也是给自己一个机会。